Toronto Public Health (TPH) has reported a concerning increase in invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), more commonly known as meningitis, cases this year. So far, 13 cases have been documented, marking the highest annual total since 2002. Tragically, two of these cases have been fatal.
IMD is a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, which can progress rapidly. This year, several countries, including the United States, have also reported rises in IMD cases. Notably, cases are appearing in both individuals who have traveled outside of Canada and those who have not. While IMD can affect people of any age, it is most common in children under five years old, teens, and young adults who are not vaccinated.
Vaccination Recommendations and Travel Advisories
Outbreaks of IMD can occur during mass gatherings and travel. TPH strongly advises travelers to ensure they are vaccinated against meningococcal disease. This recommendation is especially pertinent for those attending the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, from June 14 to 19, which attracts around two million participants. Additionally, vaccination is advised for individuals participating in local and international Pride events.
Importance of Staying Up to Date with Vaccinations
Keeping current with recommended vaccines is the best defense against IMD. Adults aged 18 to 36 who have not received a meningococcal vaccine are eligible for publicly funded immunization. It is highly recommended that individuals contact their healthcare providers to get vaccinated as soon as possible.
Parents, guardians, and caregivers should ensure that children are vaccinated against IMD. The vaccine is typically administered at 12 months and again in grade seven, as required by Ontario’s Immunization of School Pupils Act (ISPA). Students who missed their vaccination can receive it for free at a TPH vaccination clinic. Appointments can be booked at TPHbookings.ca.
Understanding Invasive Meningococcal Disease
IMD is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis, leading to severe and sometimes deadly illnesses, including infections of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) and bloodstream. The bacteria spread through respiratory and throat secretions (saliva or spit), usually requiring close or prolonged contact.
Recognizing Symptoms and Seeking Treatment
Common symptoms of IMD include:
- Fever
- Aches
- Joint pain
- Headache
- Stiff neck
- Increased sensitivity to light
If you experience these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention. For more information, visit toronto.ca/meningococcal.
Staying vigilant and informed about IMD and maintaining up-to-date vaccinations are critical steps in protecting public health.
Earlier this year an abnormal amount of new measles infections was reported by public health authorities, with the epicenter located in Quebec, but also having spread to Ontario, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.